NCLEX-RN Practice Questions with Nurse Brennan

Question 1: A nurse is administering an albuterol nebulizer treatment to a client with asthma. Which side effect is most commonly associated with this medication?

A. Diarrhea

B. Tachycardia

C. Muscle pain

D. Hypotension

Correct Answer: B. Tachycardia

Rationale: Albuterol is a bronchodilator that can cause stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to tachycardia (increased heart rate). This is the most common side effect, while diarrhea, muscle pain, and hypotension are not typically associated with albuterol.

Question 2: In preparing a client for an abdominal surgery, which of the following actions should the nurse implement to decrease the risk of postoperative complications?

A. Instruct the client to take deep breaths and cough every hour

B. Limit the client's fluid intake before surgery

C. Encourage bed rest for 24 hours post-operation

D. Discourage any preoperative medication administration

Correct Answer: A. Instruct the client to take deep breaths and cough every hour

Rationale: Encouraging deep breathing and coughing helps prevent respiratory complications such as pneumonia or atelectasis following surgery. Fluid intake should follow specific medical orders, usually limited only immediately before surgery. Bed rest is necessary for recovery but should not be over-extended; early mobilization is usually encouraged for better outcomes.

Question 3: A client is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to find?

A. Hypoglycemia and cool, clammy skin

B. Hyperglycemia and fruity-scented breath

C. Hypertension and bradycardia

D. Polyuria and decreased thirst

Correct Answer: B. Hyperglycemia and fruity-scented breath

Rationale: DKA is characterized by extremely high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) and the production of ketones, leading to metabolic acidosis. Fruity-scented breath resulting from acetone is a classic symptom of ketone buildup. Other symptoms can include dehydration and increased thirst due to polyuria.

Question 4: A client is prescribed lisinopril for hypertension. What important side effect should the nurse instruct the client to report?

A. Persistent dry cough

B. Increased appetite

C. Insomnia

D. Weight gain

Correct Answer: A. Persistent dry cough

Rationale: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause a persistent dry cough as a side effect. This is the most common reason for discontinuation in some patients. Reporting this symptom is important, as an alternative medication might be considered. Increased appetite, insomnia, and weight gain are not typical side effects of lisinopril.

Question 5: During a routine prenatal visit, a nurse is educating a pregnant client about signs of potential complications. Which symptom should be reported immediately?

A. Occasional headaches

B. Morning nausea

C. Swelling of the face and hands

D. Increased appetite

Correct Answer: C. Swelling of the face and hands

Rationale: Swelling of the face and hands can indicate preeclampsia, a potentially dangerous pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system. It requires immediate medical attention. Occasional headaches and morning nausea are common in pregnancy and generally not cause for alarm unless severe or persistent.

Question 6: A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who is on a sodium-restricted diet. Which food item should the client avoid?

A. Fresh fruits and vegetables

B. Grilled chicken breast

C. Processed meats like bacon

D. Whole-grain bread

Correct Answer: C. Processed meats like bacon

Rationale: Processed meats like bacon are high in sodium and should be avoided by clients on a sodium-restricted diet. Fresh fruits, vegetables, grilled chicken breast, and whole grains are generally low in sodium and can be included in a heart-healthy diet.